Quantum Cloud Services: A Comprehensive Study
1. Introduction to Quantum Computing Quantum computing (QC) is a new computing paradigm based on principles of quantum mechanics. Like classical computers, quantum computers are used to process information. Classical computers use transistors as the basic building block for information processing. The information is represented with a combination of “0” and “1” bits, determining the OFF/ON state of a transistor. Generally, transistors work with current flow, where “0” represents no current flow, while “1” represents current flow. A combination of bits connected through logic gates designs a circuit to perform specific tasks. Information processing in classical computers is entirely deterministic, where the output is exactly determined only by the input 1 . Significantly, quantum computers process information differently from classical computers. Quantum computers use an isolated quantum mechanical system to represent and process information. While a classical bit can only be “0” or “1”...